If the refs aren’t overwhelmingly biased against the Saints, please explain this:

Just a random fan here...
but aren't half the teams going to trend above average for penalties and half below?

Is there a graph showing the top 5 most penalized?
If the Saints are always one of the top 5 consistently over that many years, it would be more compelling evidence.

But also, it could just be a coaching mindset as well to play more aggressively or to coach into the grey area more than another coach.
To really determine that you would need to analyze a lot of plays of when holding should have been called and wasn't to see if some teams are getting called more and also getting away with more non-holding calls.

Interesting graph, but I think more data needs to be shown.

Saints opponents only have 63 penalties for 512 yards. Both numbers are the lowest in the league.

The team with the most opposing penalties is Philadelphia with 107 penalties for 980 yards.

Doesn’t include declined/offsetting penalties. Difference of 44 penalties and 468 yards.