PC upgrade help

Probably wouldn't hurt to do a new video card also.
Would hurt you wallet if you don't really need it and if you go RTX 40xx ,you'll need another PSU and probably a bigger case

How do I figure out what ports are open? And are they all pretty much standard ports, or do I need to find out what type of port mine supports?
Not sure if i understand this very well ,but for HDD /SSD ,ports are SATA data on the motherboard (you have 6 of them in theory ,5+1 used by your actual SSD) and SATA power from the PSU. Can go nvme2 M.2. for the SSD too

Same with a video card. Are they all standard ports and if I find one I like at a good price, it should just replace? Or would I need to make sure it's the right port?
PCIE on the MB ,you should have 2-3 of them+2 (6+2) pins cables ,you should have 2
. Must look at the length of the card and the space of you case ,if you decide to buy a new GPU. Power consuption too.

Dont know if this is helping or not