Spoiler Thread: Avengers Infinity War

Considering Thanos possessed the other stones, I'm not convinced that happens. He has the time stone which would allow him to stop/reverse Vision attempting to do that. The only way would be to remove the Gauntlet from Thanos like they all attempted to and failed due to Quills shenanigans.

Scarlet Witch had the right idea, but that didn't work. The best chance/missed opportunity was Thor not going for the head. Even though Thanos said he should have gone for the head, I'm not convinced it would have killed Thanos. They really had no chance of killing him until after he'd destroyed the stones.
Vision kills Thanos in the animated What if series, which is why I mentioned it. He slices him in half from head to groin, and Thanos had the rest of the stones. So, no, Thanos couldn't stop Vision if Vision was set on killing him. Remember, Thanos has to willfully use the stones, so, just make your way behind him without him seeing Vision and then blam, slice him up like deli meat. Problem solved.