Also, Palestine was a region controlled and ruled by the Ottoman Empire for centuries, dating back to the late Middle Ages and collapse of the Byzantine Empire, fall of Crusader states like Acre, in 1291. It wasn’t until the mid-to-late 19th century that some, limited European immigration from mostly central and Eastern Europe, a good portion Jews from Central/Eastern European countries, including France religious, political discrimination, racism, state-sanctioned progroms in Czarist Russia. By then, though, the Ottoman Empire was in the throes of a deep centuries-long political, economic and imperial decline as their once large, massive empire in the Balkans had shrunk considerably to include parts of areas including modern/day Serbia, Croatia, Macedonia, parts of northern Greece, Kosovo, Bulgaria, Albania, and parts of southern Romania. Nearly 200 years before, Turks came very close and likely would’ve conquered Vienna in 1683 if not for Polish military intervention. The Ottoman Empire by the last two decades of the 19th century was scarcely industrialized, except for cities like Constantinople, their society and overall economy wasn’t massively embracing Western modernization and infrastructure.