These days there is not much perceptible difference between the current/new flagship and the previous flagship from last year (not unless a person needs bleeding-edge performance or wants it as a status symbol). They tweak a few things here and there, maybe add some new colors to get people excited. At the end of the day, I doubt most would notice (in typical daily usage) much difference between say a galaxy s23 and s24. This is not just an android thing, but also iphones (and smartwatches).
With that being said the s10e *IS* kinda old, in technology terms. And I'm guessing by now the battery is sorta worn out too, so in your case you'll notice a difference for sure.